Every C++ developer runs their build system dozens of times a day, yet few think about what it actually computes. Underneath every cmake --build or ninja invocation lies a directed acyclic graph, a DAG of dependencies that determines what gets rebuilt, in what order, and how much parallelism is available. When builds are slow, when incremental rebuilds trigger more work than expected, or when CI bottlenecks in surprising places, the root cause is almost always a structural property of this graph. Most developers never look at it.
This talk makes the build graph visible and actionable. Through curated examples, we will visualize dependency graphs and expose the common pathologies: overly connected "hub" headers that invalidate half the build when touched, deep critical paths that starve parallelism even on a 128-core machine, and accidental edges introduced by includes that no one questioned. These are not just build performance issues: they are architectural issues wearing a different hat. Your build graph is the ground truth of your codebase's structure, whether or not it matches the diagram in your team's documentation.
Armed with this mental model, we will walk through practical techniques for reshaping the graph: measuring critical path length from .ninja_log , identifying high-fan-in nodes, breaking costly edges with forward declarations and interface segregation, and using graph analysis as an automated architectural fitness function in CI. Worked examples will show concrete before-and-after measurements. You will leave with a new way of seeing your codebase, not as files in folders, but as a graph you can visualize, measure, and deliberately reshape.
Tooling Track sessions are sponsored by Optiver.
